Reconstruction of bone loss in the alveolar ridge has long been challenging. Autologous bone grafts are considered as the "golden standard", while little research has focused on how to repair pronounced alveolar bone defects after autologous bone graft failure. The aim of this study was to detail a method based on the titanium mesh technique coupled with particulate coral hydroxyapatite to solve the Onlay graft failure. With bone deficiency in the #11 and #24- #25 regions, we harvested two autologous bone blocks for reconstruction. Two weeks after transplantation, the graft in the #11 region had healed uneventfully, while the graft in the anterior mandible became infected due to soft tissue dehiscence. After removal of the failed autologous bone block, pure coral hydroxyapatite stabilized within titanium mesh was used for alveolar rehabilitation. Six months later, the width of local alveolar bone was evaluated. After the titanium mesh was removed, a biopsy was performed to study bone regeneration by micro computed tomography and histology, following by a standard Straumann® implant insertion. Though there was wound dehiscence 14 days post bone augmentation, repeated local rinsing and anti-inflammation therapy controlled the inflammatory reaction. The total horizontal bone gain was 4.2 ± 0.5 mm. Micro computed tomography revealed the closer coral hydroxyapatite was to the host bone, the more was resorbed and bone regenerated. Histology showed mature lamellar bone structures, with evident residual coral hydroxyapatite. A 3- year follow-up revealed stable bone around the dental implant and successful function of the implant-born prosthesis. This study first proposed particulate coral hydroxyapatite sheltered by titanium mesh method was a promising solution in handling alveolar bone augmentation failure. More cases are needed for further research to form an efficient treatment procedure.