Punishment sensitivity can contribute to eating pathology, but the mechanisms of this relationship are understudied. In a longitudinal study of undergraduate females (N = 95), results supported an indirect association between sensitivity to punishment and eating pathology via shame. Findings suggest that sensitivity to punishment was associated with greater shame, which in turn predicted greater eating pathology over time. Further, there was an indirect effect of sensitivity to punishment on eating pathology via greater levels of behavioral shame. Future studies may wish to examine the potential role of behavioral shame in the development and exacerbation of eating problems, especially in the context of temperamental traits such as punishment sensitivity.